The Stone Monkey Book Review - 897 Words

Book Report Name of Book: The Stone Monkey Genre: Fiction Author: Jeffery Deaver Main Characters: Amelia Sachs Lincoln Rhyme Synopsis: A cargo ship holding a bunch of Chinese illegal immigrants is on its journey to New York where they will be working for riches and a better life. Each family has payed a hefty sum of money to be smuggled by a notorious criminal â€Å"snakehead† (refugee smuggler), also known to others as â€Å"the Ghost†. The New York Police Department know about this smuggle and is ready to intercept them until things got horrible. Making sure the illegal immigrants were in the container, his right hand man†¦show more content†¦Comment: I read this book and finished it in 3 weeks, short and fast for someone like me who doesn’t like to read. But I found this book very interesting; I usually read mystery books with crimes and investigation because I like searching into the unknown. I found this book very interesting because it was a crime and investigation novel, not only that. It opened up more Chinese k nowledge for me. I learnt a bit more about Chinese traditions and their beliefs and through this book I could say that it was funny and suspending at the same time. I loved the plot as well; especially the part where in the end we find out that the survivor who got shot in the chest was actually the whole mastermind behind the crime was not foreseeable. It came totally out of the blue for me, it wasn’t one of those read the beginning of the book and then you could guess the rest of the story type, it kept me guessing the whole way through the story. So I really enjoyed this book. But the worst part about it was the ending, where the United States government allowed this to happen secretly in its waters so that it could have a better relationship with China is just absurd, they need a betterShow MoreRelated Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesmagazine in New York, to cover the 4th Annual Mint 400 dirt bike and dune buggy race. A savage journey to the heart of the American dream.Before one can review the motion picture Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, he must first research the full length novel of the same name. The book first appeared in 1971 in issues 95 and 96 of Rolling Stone magazine, published November 11th and 25th respectively. Although the two part series stated its author was someone called Raoul Duke, the story was copyrightedRead MoreAlbum Art Analysis: The Beatles, Nirvana, Bruce Springsteen, Red Hot Chilli Peppers989 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent meanings to fans. Beatle members play a different role in this picture that relates back to their inner personality. Photographer Iain Macmillan took the famous image that adorned their last-recorded album, Abbey Road. Many enemies now review the album as the best album ever recorded by The Beatles. The album is supposed to be a medley from the St. Pepper album. I feel as though it appears differently to fans because it doesn’t look like any of the albums that The Beatles had producedRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesindicating that Shylock ranks his daughter the same as his money (Shakespeare Act II Scene VIII). It doesn’t appear to make a difference who is making these racist remarks since the reality remains that these statements are so clear throughout the book that they can’t be disregarded or set aside. The reader is able to overlook that Shylock is subject to these stereotypes and only in rare moments are we permitted to see the humanity and great sympathy he is capable of. He also appears to be awareRead MoreEssay about The Trickster in Myth2146 Words   |  9 PagesThe Trickster in Myth Trickster myths, a significant part of most cultures if not all, have permeated the legends and folklore of peoples since the early days of civilized man. The ancient Greeks had Hermes, the Chinese the Monkey King, and the Native American Indians the coyote. These diverse tricksters found within cultures often have many commonalities with each other, and then, often they do not. But this illustrates the very nature of the trickster; ever changing, shifting, shaping, disguisingRead MoreObserving At Stepping Stones Family Childcare And Preschool Program1864 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction For the classroom observation assignment I was able to observe at Stepping Stones Family Childcare and Preschool Program. I conducted observations for five hours each on the dates of September 24th and September 25th of the year 2015. This licensed home-based daycare and preschool program is located in a quiet suburban neighborhood on 4103 Bryant Street, Blasdell, New York. The facility allows for a twelve-child capacity (ages 6 weeks to 12 years with four additional school age) andRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesVisual Sequence Protocol†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 4.2. Data Selection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 4. 3. Used Material†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 5. Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1 Content Selection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1.1. Omitted Content: From Evil Monkey to Holy Buddha†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 5.1.2. Added Content: The Victim Called Sun Wukong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 5.1.3. Altered Content: Mischief or Sins?............. 22 5.2. Differences in Referential Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Read MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 PagesPalaentology, a field that take its name from the Greek words for â€Å"old† (paleos) and â€Å"existence† (ontos), is devoted to gleaning all the information that can be extracted from the fossils. Paleosol ancient soil Petrifacation the process of turning bone into stone through the absorption minerals from the surrounding soil or ground water that eventually replace the organism’s original inorganic tissues. Phytoliths opaline silica bodies that are secreted by grasses whose shape is often characteristic of that plantRead MoreDefending Slavery Essay2484 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscussed in Paul Finkelman’s book: Defending Slavery. This paper will summarize the first part of book taking as a main topic racial aspects of the slavery. After the introductory summary , this paper will focus in two specific sections found in the second part of the book: â€Å"Religion and Slavery† and â€Å"Racial Theory and Slavery†. Lastly, this paper will analyze these two themes used as a justification of African Slavery in early history of America In his book â€Å"Defending Slavery†, FinkelmanRead MoreThe Thinking Ape : Primate Communication And Human Evolution3439 Words   |  14 Pagesprimate mating and sensing emotions in other animals, such as fear, affection, etc. (Mundy 2006.) This is the most â€Å"animalistic† way of communication that primates use. Almost 30 years ago, people began to search for ways to communicate with apes and monkeys. They wondered whether real language use was even possible for nonhumans. Today, many chimpanzees have been taught American Sign Language and have been engaging in dialogue with humans. From these conversations, the indication is that their perceptionsRead MoreKomunyakaas Dien Cai Dau Essay3910 Words   |  16 Pagesimages and form their own opinions. The visions, images and experiences of thevietnam War as expressed by Komunyakaa vividly displays the war through his eyes and allows one to obtain the experiences of the war without being there. The title of the book wh en translated means crazy soldier. This title gives the reader an immediate sense of the mind set developed by the soldiers. In providing further insight to the soldiers point of view, Specialist 4 Arthur Gene Woodley, Jr. states, There was

Strategic Project Management - 2969 Words

Individual Report | â€Å"Projectification of the organisational world has resulted in apparent agreement that projects and project management are an efficient means of implementing organisational strategy.†(Haniff amp; Fernie 2009) | C11SP STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT | Course Tutor:Dr. Rhys Rowland-JonesSubmitted by: Tilek Mounaswami 10166896511/21/2010†¦show more content†¦And in such organizations, the need for flexible and innovative individuals at all places and at all levels, not only in top management is required. These individuals must have the authority and the support necessary for taking prompt action on their own, not least a managerial culture allowing for experiments, debate and mistakes. Thus, in order to achieve an organization with capabilities to succeed and withstand the fierce competition in this existing open market, a set of innovative and flexible individuals are needed at all levels. Section 3 ------------------------------------------------- Project and Project Management A temporary endeavour, undertaken to create a unique product or result (PMI, 2004). Projects are temporary set of milestones having a finite beginning and a finite end. Projects are the stepping stones for achieving the objective. The proper analysis and planning of project can achieve satisfying results. In order to organize these projects and to achieve satisfying results, these projects should be effectively managed. Project management can be defined as a systematic way of dealing with a project from the start to the finish. The ultimate aim of project management is successful completion of projects within the specified time period and budget (Project drive, 2010). Project management can thus be understood as a responsibility to efficiently manage projects that will fulfill the goals and objectives of any organization byShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management in Project Management722 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction A Project is any undertaking that has definite, final objectives representing specified values to be used in the satisfaction of some service or need. The reason why companies undertake projects is because they come up with strategic intent, achieve better results and increase its competitive advantage. Project Success In the past projects success was measured using the â€Å"triple constraint†, delivering the project on time, within budget and to specification. Contemporary management of projectsRead MoreOutline Of A Project Strategic Management1625 Words   |  7 PagesMGMT6054- Project Strategic Management NAME: Osamudiamen Amadasun TEAM NAME: Fortitude DATE: September 28th 2015 PROFESSOR: David McKenna TITLE: Group, Stakeholder List MODULE: 3 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this project is to identify and outline at least fifteen stakeholders that would be involved with the construction of a bridge from Port Stanley to Cleveland and a brief description how each stakeholder listed influences or is influenced by this project. A stakeholder is defined as a groupRead MoreConducting a Strategic Management Project2786 Words   |  12 Pagesassignment Conducting a strategic management project COMPANY: SHELL Introduction Shell is one of the world s leading energy group and petrochemicals companies. It has around102000 employees in more than 100 countries. The objectives of the Shell Group are to engage efficiently, responsibly and profitably in oil, oil products, gas, chemicals and other selected businesses and to participate in the search for and development of other sources of energy to meet evolving customer needs and theRead MoreStrategic Planning For Our Strategic Management Project Essay2411 Words   |  10 PagesAcknowledgements We have successfully completed the semester’s report on our strategic management project Marsower. In successful launch of our Chocolate Bouquet, we are thankful to several people without whom the launch would not have been possible. Worthy of our gratitude is the course instructor for providing us different information. We thank the professionals working in chocolate industry whom we have visited, consulted and got information. We thank our families for their support and copingRead MoreConducting a Strategic Management Project3187 Words   |  13 PagesIt requires the manager to build on their management skills and to focus on the requirement of implementing the organisation’s strategy. GUIDED LEARNING HOURS The Guided learning hours for the Unit 7001 - Personal Development as a Strategic Manager of the Diploma in Strategic management Leadership are: 20 UNIT AIM AND LEARNING OUTCOMES: Aim This unit looks closely at the leadership skills that you need to operate effectively at a strategic level. Learning outcomes FollowingRead MoreProject Management : A Strategic Value That Gives Companies An Edge On Their Competitors820 Words   |  4 PagesProject management across the organization helps create a strategic value that gives companies an edge on their competitors. Project management matters because it is a way to â€Å"map out† your plans to control spending and improve project results. It may be a way to reduce risks, cut costs and improve success rates. Being able to deliver projects on time and within budget often determines whether a company will get the next job or not. Projects have been around since beginning of time. Even a life cycleRead MoreWhy Project Managers Need to Understand Business Strategy and the Strategic Management Process?1708 Words   |  7 Pages1) Introduction This report is produced to study the importance of aligning Project Management with Business Strategy and Strategic Business Process. Fundamentally, all Project Managers must have full comprehension of the bigger picture of an organization Business Strategy and its functional level game plan. This would help them with project operational level decision making as well alignment of projects alignment with corporate mission. . The report will be giving general analysis of inter relevanceRead MoreBus 599 Week 10 Assignment 4: Capstone Project Strategic Management628 Words   |  3 PagesBUS 599 Week 10 Assignment 4: Capstone Project Strategic Management Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/bus-599-week-10-assignment-4-capstone-project-strategic-management/ BUS 599 Week 10 strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group. Due Week 10 and worth 480 points Use the Internet or the Library to research articles on strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group. Write a ten to twelve (10-12) page paper in which you: Analyze the existing business strategiesRead MoreProject Management : Project Strategic Management Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pages MGMT6054 Project Strategic Management Module #2 Organization Pressures, Structures NAME: Anisha Dmello STUDENT ID: 0783689 DATE: July 11th 2016 Table of Content 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Co-location Vs Virtual †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 3. Perfect Project Circumstances †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 5. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Introduction Teams are an essentialRead Moreconducting a strategic management project3370 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUTION: The original assignment tasks for this unit involved carrying out a management project and producing a formal report as the final output. It is with regret that this has not been possible due to the fact that I am not in current employment and as a result, the assignment has been adjusted to accommodate my (and others) circumstances. Instead, I have been asked to write a personal statement for each of the learning outcomes. This report is divided into four tasks and is a combination

Do Schools Kill Creativity Free Essays

Dallin Bringhurst February 12, 2013 1st Persuasive Essay There is much anonymity when it comes to knowing who is an Eagle Scout. I feel that an Eagle Scout conducts a life style that represents a good person. The scout law states: â€Å"A scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Schools Kill Creativity? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † John Proctor holds many traits that are similar to an Eagle Scout. I will focus on three basic aspects of the scout law and how John Proctor relates to them. First, I will relate how John Proctor shows bravery in the face of death. Then, I will argue how he is loyal to his family. Finally, I will demonstrate that he is helpful. These three basic traits are taught inculcation by many leaders in our community. I will now go into further detail on my topics. First, bravery is a rare trait, especially when faced with death. John Proctor demonstrated bravery by standing before a Judge and taking blame for the girls’ blasphemy behavior. John Proctor says, â€Å"I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another. I have no tongue for it. † (page 131) John Proctor remained brave throughout the trail as he testified before Judge Danforth. He says, â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! †Ã‚  (page 138) His bravery ultimately led to his fateful death as he was sentenced to be hung. Second, loyalty is something that bonds relationships. Being a loyal person is having high values. I see it as giving up something that can offer immediate happiness for something that has lasting happiness. John Proctor struggled with being loyal to his wife because he had an affair with another woman; he was licentious in his behavior. John becomes more loyal to his wife when she was accused of being a witch. The following quote by John Proctor proves that he is loyal to his wife. He says, â€Å"‘I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem – vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! This warrant’s vengeance! I’ll not give my wife to vengeance! ‘† Act 2, Scene 4, pg. 73. He also says, â€Å"Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. † (Act IV). To be loyal is a great attribute in life because it will show how good a person really is. John was a good person for remaining loyal to his wife throughout the trails. Finally, I will talk about being helpful to others by starting off with a quote by Clarence Darrow: â€Å"The best that we can do is to be kindly and helpful toward our friends and fellow passengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Clarence S. Darrow quotes 1998-2005†). We must be helpful to others who are in need of out help. John Proctor is seen as a very helpful man. In the book he is being found helping his neighbors out with their farms or cutting wood. In conclusion, I have just gone over the three basic attributes that I believe makes a good person. I related how John Proctor continued to be brave when faced with death. Then, I argued how he remained loyal to his wife. Finally, I demonstrated that he is helpful. These three attributes relate to John Proctor in many ways as he uses these life style choices in his life throughout The Crucible. John Proctor is a good man in a world plagued with evil. This final quote sums up the man that was John Proctor, â€Å"It is rare for people to be asked the question which puts them squarely in front of themselves†. How to cite Do Schools Kill Creativity?, Papers

Merits and Demerits of the Internet free essay sample

What are the Merits and Demerits of internet Merits †¢ Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home. †¢ Online Chat: There are many chat rooms on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends. more marites of internet are that we can search any thing easily . e get a lot of knowledge from internet. Demerits †¢ Pornography: This is a very serious issue concerning the Internet, especially when it comes to young children. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detriment to letting children use the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Merits and Demerits of the Internet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose and unnecessarily clog up the entire system. there are many more demerites of net What are the merits and demerits of electronic media? Television spreads information in an accessible format to viewers quite quickly. When an important event occurs, the audio and visual proceedings of that event can be broadcast in order to inform viewers of the event. This of course requires the proper technicians, reporters/journalists/broadcasters/etc. , equipment, timing, and infrastructure that work behind (and in front of) the scenes to bring a programme to the viewers. When information is presented, such as a political partys platform, television can be quite useful to a viewer. Of course, a fundamental problem arises when a company needs to hire and maintain the infrastructure needed to perform the television service: they need money! Unfortunately for television, there are numerous other sources where one may obtain information (the internet, newspapers, radio, word-of-mouth) and therefore television must find methods of attaining and maintaining viewership. [Of course, viewership allows the company to provide an advertisement space that is very lucrative for other companies. ] These methods may include: †¢ Quick reporting the fastest person wins, sort of thing. This tends to be inaccurate and speculative in nature, but does provide instant viewership. †¢ Sensationalism attention-grabbing, controversial programming. Tends to focus on wild or shocking stories rather than boring (although possibly more important) issues. I could go on, but thats a good place to start. When I say TV, I immediately think entertainment. Therefore it may have started purely as an entertainment method. We will never know 🙂 However, with the current events these days, network/TV bias is playing a large role in politics among other things. Something else you could look into.

Race and Capital Punishment in the US an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Race and Capital Punishment in the US Capital punishment is the ultimate and harshest penalty courts implement for mans heinous crimes that has continued to raise differing views in the civilized American society. Bedau upholds in the American Civil Liberties Union that death penalty inherently violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantee of due and the equal protection of the laws. This idea is based on the premise that the state should not usurp the power of taking human life especially in a premeditated fashion and ceremony. Need essay sample on "Race and Capital Punishment in the US" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Usually Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper now? Essay writers advise: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic Essay Essay Writing Help Company Professional Writer For Hire Write a Paper Online Best Essay Writing Service Despite prevailing issues against death penalty, the courts have maintained its constitutionality as a deterrent factor to the commission of a crime premised on mans common fear of death. Pro-life advocates also insist that death penalty has been applied randomly at best and discriminatorily at worst upon criminals whose victims were white and on colored offenders (van den Haag). With 38 states and the federal government authorizing the capital punishment, capital punishment challenges most basic notion of fairness and equity in criminal sentencing according to Free(2003:177). In the imposition of the capital punishment, the public is left with the question whether the observance is applied in a manner without significant racial disparities in between. The American Justice System therefore faces the moral question on the implementation of death penalty and the continuous history of racial discrimination. Americans cannot deny the fact that as of 12 April 2007; only 364 blacks have been put to death compared to 609 white defendants amid speculations that a bias exists (NAACP, 2007). African Americans are not really disproportionately represented among people condemned to death in the USA as a whole. As of January 2007, the death row inmate population consists of 41.7% blacks and 45.4% whites while 13% is owed to Hispanic and other minority races (NAACP records). A disparity may exist among death sentences by state with Philadelphia having 137 blacks compared to only 68 whites on death row. Likewise in Texas of the 393 inmates on death row, 161 blacks are awaiting execution while only 121 are whites. The race of the defendant is not supposed to influence the sentencing but apparently in Philadelphia, it does. In the essence of justice, this paper aims to provide an insight for criminal justice professionals a better understanding on the people they work with. The theory of African Americans getting a harsher sentence when the victim is white can be tested rather easily using the national statistics. A comparative result can be gleaned on the ratio of imposed capital punishments on African American homicide defendants whose victims were white person against the ratio of African American homicide defendants whose victims were black. Further, this paper will examine the factors that possibly promote the continuance of racial discrimination in capital sentencing. The race of the victim is also an important factor in determining whether in the implementation of the death penalty, racial discrimination exists. Although this is entirely a secondary predictor for cases that result in a death sentence, the dynamics of the disproportionate minority shall be examined to provide an alternative perspective in examining the significance of the race of the victim in American society and criminal justice responses to crime. NAACP records reveal that among the number of victims where an execution has occurred since the restoration of the death penalty, 1269 victims were white while 225 victims are black. Based on criminal histories committed under similar circumstances, a defendant is more likely to receive the penalty of death if his victims is white than if his victim belongs to a minority race. In most validly conducted studies, the defendant was four or five times as likely to get the death penalty if the victim was white than if the victim was African American (Henderson, 2000:19) This critical examination discusses the marginalization of African Americans in the criminal justice system that requires an examination at racial profiling and representation of African Americans in hate crime victimization. This research therefore aims to discuss the discriminatory treatment of the black Americans and analyze the possible ameliorative solutions to treat the current racial imbalance on the criminal justice as a whole. In the imposition of death penalty as the capital punishment, Henderson provided that the evidence normally reveals the application that are legally endorsed by the state prosecutors (2000, 17). Individuals charged with killing white victims are likely to receive the death penalty that at least 82% of the impositions are committed on a white victim (GAO, 1990:5). Henderson also added that the race of the defendant when combined with the race of the victim yields a significant disparity in the application of the death penalty (2000:17). This is supported by a study conducted by Baldus, Woodworth, Zuckerman, Weiner and Broffitt (1998) which also revealed that there is a pernicious pattern of racial discrimination in Philadelphia capital punishment cases based on the race of the defendant and on the race of the victim. Blacks who kill whites are sentenced to death several times more than blacks who kills blacks and black defendants will likely receive the capital punishments when their victims are white as most studies reveal (Henderson, 2000:18). Despite data supporting that the death sentences has been imposed and carried disproportionately among the black defendants and the poor unpopular groups, government lawyers continue to insist that racial discrimination in capital punishment does not exist. Race has a great impact on a prosecutors decision to ask the death penalty that GAO also revealed in 1990 when the district attorneys office in PA used a training video to teach prosecutors how to keep Black jurors off jury service. In 1994, Congress also rejected the Racial Injustice Act that would have afforded the condemned prisoner the right to challenge their death sentence as racially motivated upon the prodding of state and federal prosecutors (Free, 2003: 178). It is an undeniable fact that the application of capital punishment is racially motivated that starts at the discretion of the prosecutors and reflects the stance of the American government against race-neutrality. The reasons why racial discrimination persist in capital sentencing There are 38 states and the federal government endorsing capital punishment and grants prosecutorial discretion for any intentional murder committed. The decisions are guided by legal factors according to Henderson (2000:17) depending on the severity of the crime and prosecutors deciding when to seek death. In California for example, prosecutors have 600-800 cases to choose from annually to endorse death sentences. Along with the jury, they have a great discretion in coming up with their current 660 death row inmate persecution (NAACP, January 2007). Baldus, et al contradicted that Californias records include the mid-range crimes, not necessarily the most heinous but not the least heinous as well where racial disparities exists. Counsels likewise play a determining role in capital sentencing. Their ineffectual defense and representation for their client in the case of capital defendants boast of their negligence to claim merits and likewise deny capital punishment. The legal system may not be able to pinpoint the ineffective assistance of the counsel for the defendant because the Supreme Court has not laid down a standard measure for proof thus making it extremely difficult to show that defense is ineffectual. In Gates v. Zant, death row inmate Johnny Lee gates provided how an ineffectual counsel illustrates the problem. With an all-white jury, Gates, a black American was accused of killing and raping a white woman. His defense lawyer failed to object to an all-white jury during the selection process; failed to present mitigating evidence like the defendants impoverished childhood which could have been noted as a psychological incapacity to function and behave in a manner typical of a normal child. Although the lawyer was not found to be ineffective, the federal court was barred from challenging the Eleventh Circuits decision that his case reeked of unconstitutional racial discrimination. Juries and venue can also lead to racial disparities in capital sentencing. Often prosecutors choose venues primarily in a central city that result in an all-white jury. Problems also arise when jurors upon questioning would give out politically correct responses in group settings that they would never be willing to impose the death penalty yet after sequestration would often reveal racism and opt for the death penalty after a capital conviction. A certain line of questioning before the guilt or innocence phase of the trial also leads to the exclusion of African Americans because a higher percentage of African Americans oppose the death penalty compared to the general public. Few jurors are excluded for being automatically pro-death penalty thus presenting a lower proportion of African Americans in jury service participation in many capital cases. The capital defendants fate is also at the hands of a sometimes racially discriminating jury even with at least one African American among them. One single contradiction during a death-a-vote can reduce the sentence to a life-verdict in some states, particularly in Georgia; a unanimous vote for death though would help execute the defendant. To safeguard against racial discrimination in capital punishment, the legal system has provided a review and clemency proceedings where an appellate court can compare otherwise similar cases to evaluate whether a death sentence is disproportionate in similar cases (Baldus et al, 1998). This could necessarily lead to relief being granted where similar circumstances exist and a defendant would have been unlikely to have gotten the death penalty if he had been white or if his victim had been African American. However in some cases, Baldus et al countered that in some cases, the Court held that such review is not constitutionally required and states like Arizona, Maryland, Idaho, Connecticut, and Wyoming abandoned any pretense of allowing a proportionality review. Executive clemency proceedings may also be granted but these days clemency is granted far less frequently due to elected officials fear of being attacked as soft on crime. More often when it is granted, it is usually due to unu sual compelling evidence of innocence and not to any concern about racial discrimination. African Americans account for 41.7% of the United States 3,350 death row inmates. The United States population is approximately 70 per cent white and 14 per cent black and yet blacks have been six to seven times more likely to be murdered than whites, with the result that blacks and whites are the victims of murder in about equal numbers. Yet, 79.3 per cent of the more than 1,600 people put to death in the USA since 1976 were convicted of crimes involving white victims, compared to the 14 per cent who were convicted of killing blacks. Less than five per cent of the executions carried out since 1977 in the USA were for crimes involving Hispanic victims despite Hispanics representing about 12 per cent of the US population. Such statistics alone do not prove a bias in the justice system but could reflect on the patterns of offending relative to wider social inequalities. Studies will however indicate that race, particularly the race of the murder victim influences the rate of capital se ntencing in the USA. US General Accounting Office (GAO) reviews in 28 studies conducted around the country concluded that in 82% of the studies, race of victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving a death sentence than those who murdered blacks. Race, ethnic origin and economic status usually appear to a determinant factor in the imposition of a death sentence. Efforts to Rectify the Problem If the United States is sincere in its effort to rectify the problem of the prevalent racial discrimination in capital sentencing, it should address the problem in its core. Policies including those designed to minimize racial discrimination in capital sentencing should completely be implemented. The Racial Justice Act, which has been stymied because of elected officials fears of being branded and attacked as being soft on criminals, should be passed to Congress. The public perception that advocates death for criminals led Congress to completely restrict funding on capital punishment resource centers which had endeavored to provide or find representation for indigent death row inmates. Cases in which Black Americans are demanding for clemency and crying out for relief under certain circumstances should be reevaluated in conjunction with the pardon and parole board recommendations. Death sentences could also be reviewed to consider if there has been a pattern of racial discrimination based on the race of the victim or the race of the defendant without being limited to capital offenses alone. Likewise, an increase in the presence of African American jurors can help assess the ameliorative impact to restore the current imbalance in the criminal justice system. Recommendation Since death penalty is so severe, there must be a system of check and balance set up to enforce the sentence fairly free from racial, gender, religious, or socio-economic bias. An automatic appeal to the Court of Appeals to review the district courts guilty verdict would likely help in order to filter out cases which the defendant may be falsely convicted. Apparently the system does not try hard enough with American society banking on retributive justice as the main reason other than the societys moral action on the crime. Thus, it is always better to understand and eliminate institutional racism if the legal system wishes to refine. Stricter guidelines will have to be drafted in order to protect all persons accused of capital offenses if its elimination would continuously be overruled. Conclusion Although the NAACP 2007 over-all report revealed a steady decline in black people executed for heinous crimes, the imposition of capital punishment on black defendants do not paint the same picture in some states. More particularly where a victims race is concerned, there exists a clear disparity when crimes committed against a white victim is often declared as heinous. Often, during a criminal procedure for a colored defendant, colored jurors are under-represented in capital trials as if the state appears to have unfairly removed them during jury selection. This is outlined to reflect on the attitudes of capital jurors suggesting that conscious or unconscious racism can infect juror decision-making. Likewise, prosecutorial decision-making in tandem with justice tactics has criminalized race and crime which in turn provides a devastating effect on minority communities in the US. The apparent failure of the federal authorities to also offer remedial leadership on the issue of racial b ias in the capital justice system has also produce links between race and the error-prone nature of the US capital justice system. Majority of countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, leaving the USA as the egalitarian society to treat this fundamental human rights issue free from social and racial injustice. Such racial unfairness should have no grounds for existence in the US fight for equality. Works Cited Bedau, Hugo Adam. The Case Against Death Penalty. 2000.08 Mar, 2006.http://users.rcn.com/mwood/deathpen.html Free, Marvin. Racial Issues in Criminal Justice: The Case of African American. Greenwood, 2003. United States. General Accounting Office. Death Penalty Sentencing: Research Indicates Patterns of Racial disparities, 1990. NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Inc. Death Row USA. 2007. Baldus, David C., Woodworth, G., Zuckerman, D., Weiner, N.A., and Broffitt, B. Racial Discrimination and the Death Penalty in the Post-Furman Era: An Empirical and Legal Overview, with Recent Findings from Philadelphia. Cornell Law Review 1638, 1998. United States. Gates v. Zant, [863 F.2d 1492]. 1498 (11th Circuit) 493 U.S. 945, 1989. United States. Department of Justice. Capital Punishment Statistics. 2006. Henderson, Wade. Justice on Trial: Racial Disparities in the American Justice System. Diane Publishing, 2000.

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essayEthics and integrity are crucial for a police chief or county sheriff. The term â€Å"police ethics† can be defined as a code of values that affects conduct, behavior and decision making of police officers. Police officers should be aware of the significance of ethical behavior. The term â€Å"integrity† can be defined as a set of beliefs that contribute to the effectiveness of the agency’s operations based on the application of professional and personal ethics. In fact, integrity is a vital quality of a police officer because it includes the following concepts: honesty, morality, honor, responsibility and dedication to one’s mission. Integrity is reflected in the formal Code of Ethics. There are three major reasons that can be used to explain the importance of ethics and integrity for a police chief or county sheriff. First of all, ethics and integrity make police personnel act more confident, legally and hones tly. The Code of ethics says that all police personnel should not only act honestly, but also â€Å"be honest in thought† (Barker, 2011, p. 29). Second, ethics and integrity are important for a police chief or county sheriff because any police officer should be exemplary in obeying the established law, rules and regulations. According to researchers, â€Å"integrity is just too important to being a professional law enforcement officer that it cannot be compromised in either the officer’s personal or professional life†(Barker, 2011, p. 29). This fact means a police chief or county sheriff should serve role models, demonstrating ethical behavior and decision making. Third, ethics and integrity help police officers to promote community policing, maintaining the public trust through contact and collaboration between the police and community members.Explain how ethics, morality, and law are different, highlighting the primary focus of law enforcement officers.Ethics, morality, and law are different; therefore, law enforcement officers should be well-prepared to act ethically in different situations, following the established rules, laws and regulations and applying morality. The primary focus of law enforcement officers is to demonstrate ethical behavior, applying law and morality to different situations. Although ethics has direct relation to morality and laws, there are certain differences between these concepts (Banks, 2011). A law enforcement officer should be aware of these differences in order to make correct decisions.Recommend two (2) ways a police chief or county sheriff should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making.As the credibility of police officers is affected by their compliance with the established laws and with standard behaviors aimed at promoting public order and safety in the community, police officer should be responsible for their conduct and decision making. Ethics and the code of conduct may help police of ficers to make the proper decisions (Banks, 2011). Two ways a police chief or county sheriff should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making include written policies and unwritten policies. Written policies refer to the adopted documents, such as Police Code of Conduct. Unwritten policies include personal values and moral rules. A police chief or county sheriff should realize that police violence is unethical (Banks, 2011). Moreover, police unethical behavior may lead to racism and violation of human rights. Thus, police officers should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making in order to perform their duties in a proper way, applying core values and mission statement.

Negotiation Post 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation Post 2 - Essay Example Recently my parents had an argument over whether or not to buy a new car. My dad wanted to buy a new car since he had worked for such a long time making good money but had never driven his dream car- a Mercedes. My mum on the other hand thought that the money could be used to buy a new house instead of buying something as frivolous as a car. I asked my mum why she felt a new car was frivolous and why my dad wanted to buy one. She said that the money should be spent on something that can last and also be appreciated by everyone in the family instead of one person only. But she did not know why my dad felt so strongly that he should buy himself a new car. I then remebered Diamond discussing the idea that at times it pays off to concede in order to benefit in the future. I explained this to my mum as meaning- you would rather loose the battle than the war. Allowing my dad to buy the car would be loosing the battle but not the war. I asked her to go ask him and to listen intently and als o share her opinions. They had the dicussion and after that she understood where he was coming from. He felt that a man of his stature in society should be able to drive a good car after all his years of hard work. A skilled negotiator is one who can keep their eye on the â€Å"ultimate prize† and can thus afford to make certain compromises along the way but all in the aim of achieving the â€Å"ultimate prize†. Human nature dictates that once one person makes a sacrifice for another the other person then naturally feels obligated to reciprocate. I therefore asked my mum what her â€Å"ultimate prize† is and she said it was buying a new house because such investments were safe and they could be enjoyed by the family as a whole. I then told her not to lose sight of that objective because she would achieve it sooner rather than later. Fast foward seven years later, my parents who work together were rewarded handsomely for their efforts by a certain company and whe n I asked what they would do with the money, my mum simply said she had not decided yet. My dad looked at her sharply and asked if he did not have a say into how the money would be used and my mum simply said since she sacrificed last time then he had to sacrifice this time. Negotiation Post 2 Negotiation is often perceived to be a shouting match and about he who budges the least is deemed the winner. This is a misconception. On several occassions you find companies negotiating with their employees on their salaries and the company refuses to budge simply because it will be percieved as weak but the difference in increasing the employee’s salary would not have any effect on the company’s financial status. Stuart Diamond in his book Getting More states that negotiations are more about emotions than logic. It is therefore of paramount importance that the parties be on good terms. I recently worked in a law firm and a husband wanted to divorce his wife because they could not sort their differences out. From his demanour and speech you could immediately feel the anger and hatred between the two. I had to sit down with her lawyer as well and determine how the property would be shared out. Our client the husband was very wealthy before the marriage but he only truly cared about a certain piece of property that he had inherited from his father. He was willing to lose everything else but not that one. Acquiring this property was

Green marketing(is it ethical to use green marketing just to convince Essay

Green marketing(is it ethical to use green marketing just to convince customers to buy the companies products) - Essay Example The present essay is based on the book ‘Sign Wars: The cluttered landscape of advertising’ by Goldman and Papson (Goldman et al, 1996). It deals with the meaning and practice of green marketing, its concepts as developed by the advertising industry, its effectiveness both to genuinely care for the environmental concerns and to hoodwink the public etc. It deals with the ‘signs’ attached to the products with a view to promote sales, even as companies defend their record of environmental concerns. Relevant case studies are included to argue that green marketing has been more of a self-promotion gimmick than any real concern for responsible corporate behaviour. 1 (a). Goldman and Papson, trace the evolution of advertising industry from 1920s, when the competitive market forces were compelling industries to entice consumers to buy their products. They point out that in order to sell more and more of the products, advertisers â€Å"†¦created a social world in which (a consumer’s) identity is expressed through consuming commodity signs† (Goldman, 1996, p.187). These commodity signs represented a â€Å"†¦social process of branding goods, that is, endowing goods with value and capacity to fulfill a variety of desires† (p.188). In this process, the advertisers used, â€Å"†¦nature as a referent system from which to derive signifiers for constructing signs† (p.191). â€Å"Commodities like cars and cigarettes are placed in the landscape settings labeled ‘natural’ and juxtaposed with natural objects† (p.192). By 1980s, advertising that started with nature as a referent system, progresse d to ‘green marketing’ to position nature itself as the subject of the ad †¦(only) to hail the viewing subject† (p.192). Thus commodities are positioned as environmentally friendly, and corporations 1 (b). Automation and mass production of the last century, led to severe competition. To compete, it was not enough for the

American History Questions and Answers Assignment

American History Questions and Answers - Assignment Example Also the North, being rich in economic resources, was able to supply its armies with better equipment. The Union states owned most of the country’s industries including shipping, bank capital, railroad mileage, and taxable wealth. With bigger industries, the North does not need rely on foreign trade to provide materials for the war. It had its own commerce and industry to provide necessary supplies for its troops. Also, the North had a naval advantage to block the Southern ports so that it cannot receive their much needed supplies. Meanwhile, it cannot be said that the South had no reasons to believe that it is going to win the war. There are crucial advantages that the South had over the North such as its ‘home field advantage’, strong fighting spirit, more military leaders, and early war preparation. Since the civil war was fought with the North invading the South, soldiers from the Confederacy fought on a more familiar terrain that is close to home. Because of this, Southerners had strong fighting spirits being proficient in hunting, riding, and other skills necessary to fight within their territory. Also, the south had better military leaders since a higher proportion of Southerners had attended West Point and other military schools, became army officers, and fought in military operations. Adding to this, the South prepared for the war much earlier than the north which gave and this gave them an advantage when it comes to preparedness for the fight. 2. What were the Monitor and the Virginia? The USS Monitor were CSS Virginia the two famous ironclad warships which participated in the naval battle between the North and South. While the Union had a strong naval force, the confederate army was able to convert its steam frigate USS Merrimack into CSS Virginia as an ironclad rams that would sank one Union warship with its iron ram and 10 with its torpedoes. This sent panics in Washington that prompted them to build USS Monitor – a small er warship with two 11-inch guns with revolving turret. With its size, USS monitor presented a small target with an intense gun power with its revolving turret. Because of this, the naval war between the Monitor and Virginia was dubbed as the â€Å"battle of the ironclads†. It resulted to a draw with Virginia going home to Norfolk, unable to engage the battle again. 3. How did the South raise an army? What methods did they use to find men to fight? In 1862, the South instituted drafting by requiring three years of service for males who are 18 to 35 years old. Later however, the confederate decided to increase the draft age up to 45 in October 1862. Additionally, an overseer exemption was implemented for one white man who has 20 or more slaves on every plantation. According to the Twenty Negro Law, the purpose of this is to prevent slave uprising and to keep up the production. As such, many non-slaveholding farm families regarded the policy as discrimination towards them. As a result, the law provoked avoidance and widespread desertions in the Confederate army. Additionally, the South allowed substitution in its drafting policy, enabling drafted men to pay a commutation fee of $300 for exemption. Because of this, the policy was labeled as â€Å"rich man’s war, poor man’s fight† just like in the Northern States. 4. What was the Conscription Act of 1863? The Conscription Act of 1863 was signed by President Abraham Lincoln to require every male citizen and

Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer Information Technology Essay

Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer Information Technology Essay Todays networks are typically very stable. The problem is they arent static. Management and users are constantly demanding new technologies, new services, and better performance, which inevitably require changing infrastructure, deploying new applications, and dealing with security. And in the process network administrator needs to control IT costs and minimize disruption to the organization and also need to be able to clearly see all aspects of network to accurately assess the impact of adding new technologies and services and to make sure it is delivering maximum performance. And now-a-days there are wide variety of software and hardware products available that help network system administrators manage a network. Network management covers a wide area as well as local area network which mainly based on three different principles, which are : Performance: reduce blockage in the network. Reliability: keeps the network and the services that the network provides up and available for all the users .It includes monitoring the network to spot problems as soon as possible, ideally before users are affected. Security: Makes the network protected from unauthorized users and outside world. Functions that are execute as part of network management accordingly include controlling, planning, allocating, deploying, coordinating, and monitoring the resources of a network, network planning, predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, cryptographic key distribution authorization, configuration management, fault management, security management, performance management, bandwidth management, analytics. There are a variety of network monitoring tools available in the market to be used depending on the size and requirements of the organisation. OBJECTIVE The intention of this report is to have a in depth study and estimation of network management tools that allow us to observe and manage the performance and function of networks effectively and efficiently, to produce a short report detailing the benefits of implementing Network Management. The tools which have been used in this report are Fluke Protocol Inspector, Wireshark network protocol analyzer, SNMP Browser Utility and Network inspector. FLUKE OPTIVIEW ANALYZER AND WIRESHARK NETWORK PROTOCOL ANALYZER A network protocol analyzer is a vital part of a network administrators toolkit. Network protocol analysis is the truth serum of network communications. If you want to find out why a network device is functioning in a certain way, use a protocol analyzer to sniff the traffic and expose the data and protocols that pass along the wire. Fluke and Wireshark network protocol analyzer offers insights into what is happening not only over the WAN, but also on the local area network (LAN) at each location. Information pertaining to traffic flows, protocols, and even individual data packets can authorize the IT organization responsible for the network to keep it operating at peak performance. Fluke and wireshark are tools to admin computer networks and they helps in monitoring and troubleshooting the network. In addition, they also helps in observe the status of devices, errors, warnings, and changes. Fluke and wireshark, the network analyzers are fast performing and compatible with almost eve ry operating system of windows. To observe the activities and the performance of these network analyzer program, a small network has been assembled: Figure 2.1 TEST NETWORK The minimal equipment for using Protocol Inspector/analyzer to observe the performance and applications of a network properly, is made up of two routers, two switches and two hosts. A class B addressing scheme has been used on the network. Two routers namely R1 and R2 respectively represent two different sites. R1 is using 172.17.0.1/30, R2 is using 172.17.0.2/30 and both the routers are connected through 172.17.0.0/24. To make easily understand only two users have been used. User1 and user2 are respectively on 172.17.1.100 and 172.17.2.100. Summary View of Fluke OptiView Analyzer The program opens in the Summary View. This view shows several windows used by the tool. The Resource Browser window in the upper left corner shows the only monitoring network device. The Monitor View, which is in the main window on the upper right, monitors one resource per window in a variety of viewing options. The Stop (red colour tab) in the upper-left corner of the Monitor View window confirms that no monitoring is occurring. Figure 6.1 Start the Monitor / Capture process To start the monitoring / capturing process, use the Start button or Module -> Start from the menu system. The Utilization chart should start showing activity like the graphic below: Figure 6.2 The word ARM(green colour tab) should appear where Stop had been before. If opening the Module menu, notice that Stop is now an option while Start is muted. The tabs at the bottom of the window show the resulting data in a variety of forms. Click on each and note the result. Transmit (Tx), Alarms, and Alarm Log will be blank. The following is the Received (Rx) frames, which indicates that Broadcast and Multicast frames are being received, but they may not show any Unicasts. Figure 6.3 Using the console connection to the router, ping the monitoring host, and notice that Unicast frames appear. Unfortunately, the errors shown in the third column will not appear in the lab exercise unless a traffic generator like the Fluke Networks OptiView product has been added. Now ,for the Detail View window click on the Detail View button in the toolbar or double click anywhere on the Monitor View chart. This will open a second window that should look something like the following, after maximizing the Utilization / Errors Strip Chart (RX) window. In a detail view there are few options we can see : MAC Statistics Frame size distribution Protocol Distribution Host Table Network Layer Host table Application layer host table Host matrix Network layer matrix Expert view MAC STATISTICS Mac Statistics tells us about the module type and speed used on the system. It provides important information like Network utilization, total bytes of data received. It also provides the different types of frames travelling across the network. Figure 2.2 Mac Statistics As shown in Error: Reference source not found, the total numbers of 1,555 frames were received. Further more there were 152 broadcast frames, 322 multicast frames and 1,081 unicast frames sent over the network. There were no errors found and a total of 122,453 bytes of data was received with an effective 0.003% network utilisation. FRAME SIZE DISTRIBUTION Frames on a network are classified according to size. Frame size distribution tells us the frames across the network and their size. Figure 2.3 FRAME SIZE DISTRIBUTION The picture above shows the frame size distribution over the test network. On the basis of size frames have been classified in to 8 different categories. The maximum average frame size is 65-127. PROTOCOL DISTRIBUTION Protocol distribution tells the number of protocols operating over the particular network and also at what percentage a protocol is working in terms of transferring data. Figure 2.4 Protocol Distribution The figure above shows different types of protocols on the network and the percentage of each protocol on the right of the graph and on the left side are different tabs, by clicking on each one of them an individual percentage of each protocol can be monitored. HOST TABLE Host table gives us a picture of the traffic generation on the network and the MAC address of the devices receiving the traffic. It tells us the maximum traffic host and the minimum traffic host. Figure 2.4 HOST TABLE In the picture above it shows percentage of traffic based on the number of frames coming in to the host. On the right hand side it shows the MAC addresses of the different hosts. It also tells us about the broadcast and the STP traffic. NETWORK LAYER HOST TABLE The Network Layer Host Table tells us about the packets, errors and bytes for each station at network layer. It allows decoding the packets based on their network layer address. So it helps the network managers to troubleshoot at the host level. Figure 2.5 NETWORK LAYER HOST TABLE The figure above shows the packets coming in to the hosts at the network layer based on their IP addresses. It also tells us that there are 5 IP hosts and no IPX hosts on the network.  [1]   APPLICATION LAYER HOST TABLE Application layer host table tracks packets, errors and bytes on an application specific basis. It traces packet activity of a particular application. It helps network managers to monitor bandwidth utilization on the network. Figure 2.6 APPLICATION LAYER HOST TABLE The figure above shows the operation of the different applications by the host. It shows the usage of the bandwidth in percentage by each application. HOST MATRIX Host Matrix shows the communication between two or more MAC addresses/ hosts. Hosts could be talking to more than one host at the same time which can be defined by the graph below: Figure 2.7 HOST MATRIX Figure 2.7 shows different hosts communicating to each other and at what percentage they are sending and receiving data on the network, which helps an engineer in bandwidth allocation to various hosts on the network. NETWORK LAYER MATRIX Network Layer Matrix shows the total data packets between a pair of systems by the network layer protocol. It shows the protocol specific traffic between the hosts. Figure 2.7 NETWORK LAYER MATRIX The figure above shows the conversations between the different pair of hosts. It shows the communication between two IP addresses and their bandwidth utilization. EXPERT VIEW Expert view shows different kinds of data capturing on the network on a single screen where the network engineer can monitor the user activities to make the network more responsive and reliable. Figure 2.8 EXPERT VIEW OVERVIEW Figure 2.9 Expert View of Data Link layer Figure 2.10 EXPERT VIEW OF SESSION LAYER Figure 2.11 EXPERT VIEW OF NETWORK LAYER The figures above show the output of different layers of OSI model. It also shows the protocol distribution across the network and utilisation of the different applications for file transfers like HTTP, ARP and others. It also identifies errors and any broadcast or multicast on the network. PROTOCOL OPERATIONS Network inspector tool is also used to investigate the operation of different protocols like; ICMP TFTP TELNET DHCP RIP/OSPF/IGRP ICMP (internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP stands for Internet Control Message protocol. It is one of the very important internet protocols, it is used by the a network administrators to monitor network connections ICMP SUCCESSFUL PING ICMP is the tool used to check the connectivity also known as PING (Packet Internetwork Gropper) which sends and receives echo request. PING successful means that device is in a reachable distance, when host receives the echo request it reply to it this means the destination is reachable. This process is explained in the figures below Figure 0.1: ICMP ECHO REQUEST Figure 0 .1 shows it is an Echo request by the host 192.168.2.2 to the destination 192.168.1.2 all across the network. Figure 0.2: ICMP ECHO REPLY The Echo reply to the request is shown in the figure above. It is clearly visible that the 32 bit data packet was sent to the host 192.168.1.2 and the source 192.168.2.2 sends it as a reply the host 192.168.1.2 as the same 32 bytes which means no data was lost and both can communicate without loosing any data. ICMP PING TIMEOUT Another common message while trying to ping a host or address is Ping Timeout. Ping times out when destination IP address does not exist, network inspector displays the following result for ping time out. Figure 0.3: REQUEST TIMED OUT Figure 0 .3 shows that when the engineer tries to ping an address which does not exists on the network, ARP protocol broadcasts this request with MAC address FFFFFFFFFFF to find the destination address, but when it does not get any response because the address is not there on the network the Ping Request, Times out after some time. ICMP NETWORK UNRECHABLE Network Unreachable means the network which we are trying to reach is not available for communication. This could happen due to numerous reasons, if the interface is down for some reason, if in case of using RIP it is at a distance more than 15 hops from the source or if the destination address does not exist in the routing table of the router. Fluke network inspector helps network manager to find the reason behind the network failure as explained in the figures below n Figure 0.4: ECHO REQUEST FOR THE IP ADDRESS OUTSIDE THE NETWORK ADDRESS Figure 0.5: DESTINATION UNRECHABLE REPLY Figure 0 .4 explains a network engineer sending an Echo Request to the address 192.168.3.1 which is not within the network and Figure 0 .5 shows if the address is not on the network or routing table of the router it sends a message Host Unreachable. ICMP Ping Time Out is different from ICMP Ping Network Unreachable because when the host sends a data to an address, it then waits for the reply from the destination. If after some time the reply does not come back this means the data is going to the destination address but cannot receive any updates or data from that destination, it displays the message Request Timed out. On the other hand when host sends data to the address which does not has not entry in the routing table of any of the routers, the data will not be sent anywhere and the message comes out as Destination Host Unreachable TFTP TFTP or Trivial File Transfer Protocol is very easy and simple to implement as it takes very less memory. It is a connectionless service that uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol). It is faster than FTP. It is used on routers, switches and some hosts that support TFTP for the purpose of transferring the file. Figure 0.6: TFTP FILE COPYING Figure 0.7: TFTP In the above figure it is clearly visible that the source port is 56882 and destination port is 69 which is used for (Trivial File transfer). This diagram also proves that TFTP uses UDP to transfer of files along the network. In the second portion TFTP is captured where it shows the file transferred is sdm-config. TELNET Telnet is a utility to access a device remotely over the network. It can be used for many purposes. Telnet works with TCP/IP. Whenever we access a device remotely, a connection has to establish using a Three Way Handshake process. ESTABLISHING A TELNET SESSION Synchronization between hosts is done by an exchange of connection establishing segments that carry SYNs. The Synchronization requires each side to send its own (ISNs Initial Sequence Numbers) and to receive a conformation of it in an Acknowledgement (ACK) from the other host. Each host also receives each others ISN and send a conformation as ACK this process is called a Three Way Handshake THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Host A send its ISN (Seq = X) to start the session, it is received by the Host B who then send its own ISN (Seq = Y) and also sends (ACK = X+1) to Host A, when Host A receives the ACK it do the same as Host B adds 1 to the ISN received and send (ASK = Y+1) back to the Host B which establishes the TELNET session (see Figure 0 .72). Sends SYN SEQ = Y ACK = X + 1) Host A Host B Sends SYN (Seq = X) Receive SYN (Seq = X) Receive SYN SEQ = Y ACK = X +1) Sends ACK (ACK = Y +1) Receive ACK (ACK = Y +1) Figure 0.72: THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Diagram taken from CCNA 1 2 Companion Guide Figure 0.8: THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .8 shows the Three Way Handshake. Each host sends an ISN and in reply other host add 1 to it and sends it back as an acknowledgement. Fluke Network Inspector allows network administrator to see this process and monitor any unauthorized attempts. Figure 0.9: FIRST STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE In Figure 0 .9 Client sends the request to synchronise its ISN to the telnet server, it then specifies its initial sequence and adds 1 to it. Figure 0.10: SECOND STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .10 shows that the ACK packet has been sent back to the host and at the same time another packet for its SYN has also been sent to establish a connection. Figure 0.11: THIRD STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .11 shows that the server just now received a packet from the host and the connection is now established between them for further more data transfers. DATA CAPTURING Fluke network inspector helps network manager to monitor and capture the data being transferred between the devices once the telnet session is active, though it can be a lengthy process to see the whole data but it can be really helpful in troubleshooting typical problems. Data is captured in only one letter at a time which can be seen in the following diagram. Figure 0.12: DATA CAPTURING In the figure above letter I has been captured which is a part of password while accesing the device remotely. Thus Fluke tool helps network engineer to monitor each and every bit of data travelling across the network. . Figure 0.13: LOGGED ON THROUGH TELNET Figure 0 .13 shows the successful remote log on to the router R2. Now here all the data transferred will be captured by the Fluke tool inspector. TERMINATING A TELNET SESSION Terminating a TELNET connection is a must for security reasons. It again takes Three Way Handshake process. This process can be monitored in Fluke Inspector as we will see this in the diagrams below (see Figure 0 .14). Figure 0.14: FIRST STAGE TERMINATION In Figure 0 .14 the request for the termination of the session has been sent, next figure will show the acknowledgment received by the server. Figure 0.15: SECOND STAGE TERMINATION In Figure 0 .15 server receives the request and sends an acknowledgment for the termination of the session. Figure 0.16: THIRD STAGE TERMINATION Figure 0 .16 shows the third and the last stage of terminating the telnet session. LIMITATIONS OF TELNET TELNET is not very secure process as it is over the internet and the data is not encrypted which can be easily hacked and the information can be lost. Secondly TELNET involves TCP/IP only, and hence is not compatible with other protocols. Unauthorised users can on to log on to the network and can damage the configuration files, which can affect the performance of the network and can result in less reliable network. To prevent this remote access can be restricted to certain ports so that only authorised individual can log on remotely which helps in reducing the chances of and intrusion on the network. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DHCP allows hosts on the network to obtain an IP address dynamically. Network engineer configures a DHCP server for the network defining a pool of IP address to be allocated to a particular range of hosts. Whenever a host requests an IP address, server automatically assigns the address. When a DHCP client comes online it sends a DHCP Discover broadcast message. After sending a DHCP Discover, client moves into a select state. Client then takes the offer from the DHCP server, it then receives the first response and sends the DHCP Request packet and asks for how long it can keep that address without renewing it, then server acknowledges the request and sends DHCP ACK packet. At this stage the client gets into the bound stage and starts using the IP address. The flow chart below (see Figure 0 .17) describes the whole process. Clint Boots Initialize State Select DHCP ACK DHCP Request Request DHCP Discover Bound Figure 0.17: FLOW CHART FOR DHCP Diagram taken from CCNA 1 2 Companion Guide DHCP DISCOVER Protocol Inspector tool can be used to monitor the whole process step by step. Figure 0.18: DISCOVER Figure 0 .18 shows the client has been discovered by a DHCP server by its broadcast. At this point it does not have any IP Address. DHCP OFFER DHCP server makes an IP address offer to the client. Figure 0.19: DHCP OFFER In Figure 0 .19 an offer made by server to accept 192.168.2.3 as an IP address. CLIENT REQUEST A request from the host is sent to the DHCP server for an IP address Figure 0.20: DHCP REQUEST In Figure 0 .20 host negotiates for the lease time for the IP address offered by the DHCP server. DHCP ACKNOWLEDGMENT DHCP server then sends an acknowledgment packet. Figure 0.21: ACKNOWLEDGMENT Figure 0 .21 shows the IP Address 192.168.2.3 has been accepted by the client as new IP address. DHCP RELEASE DHCP server issues an IP address to the client which can been seen in the Figure 0 .22 Figure 0.22: DHCP RELEASE RIP (Routing Information protocol) The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide area networks. As such it is classified as an interior gateway protocol (IGP) using the distance-vector routing algorithm. Devices running RIP sends the information of all the connected devices in the network every 30 seconds to keep the network reachable and connected. RIP has two versions. Fluke network inspector tool tells about the connected routers and the hops, with there IP address. All this information is very useful in troubleshooting. Figure 0.23: RIP ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL Figure 0 .23 explains the routing process. It shows that the port used for routing is UDP 17. Only two routers are connected to each other. It also tells us which version or RIP is running and at what distance both router are as in HOPS COUNT as visible the first one is 1 Hop far from the host and second one is 2 Hops from the host it sends the routing information every 30 seconds. Another thing is that RIP can only support 15 Hops per network. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) This protocol operates at the network layer of the OSI model where it exchanges the management information among the devices installed in the network. It is very clear from its name that this protocol is used to manage network devices such as routers, Switches Hubs, modems, and systems. It is used to monitor different user activities over the network. SNMP helps network engineer to monitor and identify any faults on the network and helps to solve these problem for better connectivity. A network managed by the SNMP consist of the following Managed devices: Devices used on the network such as Routers, Switches Hubs, modems, systems and servers etc. Agents: Agent is software which is used to operate the managed devices. Network-management systems: They provide the processing and memory required for the network management, there can be one or more network-management systems on a managed network GETIF UTILITY The SNMP operation can be monitored by the network engineer with the use of Protocol inspector and a utility called OPTIVIEW using a freely available browser utility called GETIF. GETIF is a network tool which is based on windows GUI; it is very helpful to gather the graphical information of SNMP devices. It provides information like Parameters, Interfaces Connected, Routing Tables, Trace Route and Network length. . GETIF PARAMETERS After loading up the GETIF utility type in the router IP address in the host name box of the parameter window the result will be as following. Figure 0.24: GETIF PARAMETER In Figure 0 .24 it is shown once the router IP Address has been typed in and START button has been pressed in the Parameter Tab of GETIF utility, it gives us the information like the router name and IP Address, router description, and also shows the SNMP port number which is 161. SNMP GET Fluke network inspector tool can be used with GETIF utility to see the data retrieved from SNMP agent. To retrieve this information select MBrowser tab on the GETIF window and then select the SNMP option from the graphical tree, it gives us all the required information shown below. Figure 0.25: SNMP GET SNMP SET When a single item is selected in MBrowser of GETIF utility, start the network protocol inspector to monitor the data transfer. When the name of the router is changed by using GETIF utility it will be shown on the Network Inspector Utility as well SNMP TRAP Fluke Network Inspector tool along with GETIF utility has the ability to diagnose the error on the network, To see the result on the Network Inspector tool if the network engineer can physically take the serial cable out from the router port and disconnect the communication in the network the Network Inspector tool identify this error and displays it on the tools screen for the network engineers urgent attention Figure 0.26: SNMP TRAP In Figure 0 .26 the status of the serial connection is show to down this is due to the serial cable being unplugged from the port. GRAPHYCAL MONITORING IN GETIF This is another option in GETIF utility to monitor the network bandwidth consumption and the percentage of the different protocols. It can be seen in the following figures. Figure 0.27: SNMP GRAPHYCAL MONITORING In Figure 0 .27 two graphs have been shown, in these graphs only ICMP packet has been monitored to show the operation of the protocol. In top half of the fig graph starts from the 0 and then gradually goes up due to the increase in the ICMP PINGs. A sudden drop can also be seen while the graph is increasing this is due to the term Request Timed Out in the ping in the second half you can see the decrease in the graph and this is due to when the pings were cancelled one by one. BENEFITS OF FLUKE NETWORK INSPECTOR TOOL Fluke Network Inspector allows network engineer to provide reliable, and desirable connectivity to the organisation, it saves time and money by effective resource management. It also provide better knowledge to the network engineer about the devices installed on the network which helps to find the faults and fix them easily. Fluke Network Inspector provides a solution for monitoring and analysing the network which can be very helpful to the organisations to get desirable and reliable connectivity of their network. It also allows the network engineer to protect the network from any unauthorized users and gives a freedom of managing the network remotely. Fluke Network Inspector Tool helps in performing major functions of the network management which includes: Fault Management Configuration Management Accounting Management Performance Management Security Management All these functions have been explained briefly in this report FAULT MANAGEMENT The process of identifying, diagnosing a problem on the network and resolving it is called fault management. The problem could be of any kind from faulty cables to defective hardware. In other words, it is a very important for the effective operations of a network and to provide the connectivity among the users of a company, An intelligent network engineer will detect the fault in the network in very less time and fix the problem fast. Fault management is a very reliable tool for providing the connectivity for the network. Fault management is very useful to the network administrator as they can keep an eye on the network from anywhere in the network and resolve the issues quickly. Apart from automatic updates about the fault on the network, network administrator can be informed by the users. Network administrator can send ping packets to identify the problem. If a network administrator cannot reach a certain device remotely like when administrator pings a device and gets no reply there could be number of reasons, fault management helps in finding solution to such problems, so that the network is available all the time. Whenever there is a fault on the network it will be known to the network operator by using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) it also rate the problem as if the problem is of high risk to the network or to the low risk, but will keep on sending information to the network administrator about the fault in the network till the time it has be resolved and will send a notification of error resolved. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT Configuration management is all about handling the configurations of the network devices. It involves maintaining a database of the network devices, and providing reports of the data travelling over these devices. Keeping the record of the configured devices on the network is called configuration management. Configuration management can help a network administrator to install different software for the better communication among the network. The data base of the configuration management includes different entries like, the devices used, the version numbers and the device capabilities. By using configuration management a network administrator can increase the devices on the network, can provide or deny access to the certain number of users or a group on a particular network. Remote sites can be configured by using different techniques, access can be restricted to certain area of the network for specified users, or if required interfaces can be brought down or up by using the configuration. ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT Account management helps in managing the utilization of network resources, which further leads to a more productive network. One of the functions of the accounting management is to distinguish between inter and intra -domain accounting data and route them to the respective device, for the session record containing Network Access Identifier, this packet can be routed by examining the NAI to save this packet to be broadcasted over the whole network and utilizing the bandwidth. Accounting management involves the monitoring of the users activities on the network at an individual or at a group level which helps in providing better communication and also reduces the fault generation which can cause loss of data. It allows network engineer to keep track of the bandwidth utilisation w

Why Our Grading System is Important :: Free Essays

Why Our Grading System is Important   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to the belief of Arthur Lean, author of the article 'The Farce Called 'Grading'';, students are 'naturally, stupid dolts who must somehow be coerced, cajoled, persuaded, threatened, strong-armed into learning.'; Those few however, who are not, can go to college where an honor code is in place, such as New College of USF or Harvey Mudd, and the 'farce'; called grading will be of no encumbrance to the individual. The rest of the students need a system by which academic achievement can be measured. After observing many a high school student, it is apparent that without a system of scholastic comparison very few would strive to learn. What motivation would there be to read that extra page or two the night before the big examination? In the world of grading, the extra page could mean 20 points on a physics test. In the unrealistic world of Lean, however, that one page which could result in the absolute epiphany of the reader, could mean nothing, save the writt en reports of 'descriptive comments… dependability, intelligence, and honesty.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arthur Lean claims that it would be more beneficial to an employer to have written reports regarding certain character traits of job seekers. This, he states, is more helpful to the employer than say, 'a B-plus in college algebra.'; This idea is altogether untrue. Working as a computer technician, I was informed by my employer that the most advantageous part of my application was my advanced level of high school classes and standardized math test scores. Letters of recommendation were disregarded in his statement. In short, any job that requires high levels of thought and logic can be matched with individuals who present high test scores. Any Microsoft employer would quickly argue that evidence of strong computer programming (i.e. grades, original written programming code, previous jobs) are better indicators of expected performance than written letters of characteristic traits, or history of parent-teacher conferences.